Hyperparameter Tuning

Determined provides state-of-the-art hyperparameter tuning through an intuitive interface. The machine learning engineer simply runs an experiment in which they:

1. Configure hyperparameter ranges to search.

2. Instrument model code to use hyperparameters from the experiment configuration.

3. Specify a searcher to find effective hyperparameter settings within the predefined ranges.

Configuring Hyperparameter Ranges

The first step toward automatic hyperparameter tuning is to define the hyperparameter space, e.g., by listing the decisions that may impact model performance. For each hyperparameter in the search space, the machine learning engineer specifies a range of possible values in the experiment configuration:

hyperparameters:
  ...
  dropout_probability:
    type: double
    minval: 0.2
    maxval: 0.5
  ...

Determined supports the following searchable hyperparameter data types:

1. int: an integer within a range

2. double: a floating point number within a range

3. log: a logarithmically scaled floating point number—users specify a base and Determined searches the space of exponents within a range

4. categorical: a variable that can take on a value within a specified set of values—the values themselves can be of any type

The experiment configuration reference details these data types and their associated options.

Instrumenting Model Code

Determined injects hyperparameters from the experiment configuration into model code via a context object in the Trial base class. This TrialContext object exposes a get_hparam() method that takes the hyperparameter name. At trial runtime, Determined injects a value for the hyperparameter. For example, to inject the value of the dropout_probability hyperparameter defined above into the constructor of a PyTorch Dropout layer:

nn.Dropout(p=self.context.get_hparam("dropout_probability"))

To see hyperparameter injection throughout a complete Trial implementation, refer to the PyTorch MNIST Tutorial.

Specifying the Search Algorithm

Determined supports a variety of hyperparameter search algorithms. Aside from the single searcher, a searcher runs multiple trials and decides the hyperparameter values to use in each trial. Every searcher is configured with the name of the validation metric to optimize (via the metric field), in addition to other searcher-specific options. For example, the adaptive_simple searcher implements adaptive downsampling, and is configured with the maximum number of trials to run and the maximum number of training steps allowed per trial:

searcher:
  name: adaptive_simple
  metric: validation_error
  max_steps: 1024
  max_trials: 32

For details on the supported searchers and their respective configuration options, refer to Hyperparameter Tuning With Determined.

That’s it! After submitting a hyperparameter tuning experiment, users can easily see the best validation metric observed across all trials over time in the WebUI. After the experiment has completed, they can view the hyperparameter values for the best-performing trials, and also export the associated model checkpoint for downstream serving.

Next Steps

• Experiment Configuration

• Hyperparameter Tuning With Determined